Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN)

Why are infants and children more susceptible to otitis media?

1. The Eustachian tubes are short and in a horizontal position

2. Children frequently put objects in their ears

3. They have immature immune systems

4. They eat by sucking, increasing ear infection risk

The correct answer is: The Eustachian tubes are short and in a horizontal position

Infants and children are more susceptible to otitis media primarily because their Eustachian tubes are shorter and positioned more horizontally compared to adults. This anatomical feature contributes to an increased risk of fluid accumulation in the middle ear. The horizontal orientation makes it easier for bacteria and viruses from the nasopharynx to reach the middle ear, especially during episodes of upper respiratory infections, which are common in this age group. The shorter length of the Eustachian tubes also impairs their ability to drain fluids efficiently. In adults, the longer and more angled Eustachian tubes allow for better drainage and ventilation of the middle ear. In children, the combination of these factors leads to a higher incidence of otitis media, as any blockage or dysfunction can quickly result in infection due to the inability of the fluid to drain properly. While the other options touch on factors related to childhood health and behaviors, they do not directly explain the anatomical and physiological reasons behind the increased susceptibility to otitis media in infants and children.